後綴-ship

漢： 名詞後綴-ship，縂的來意思爲“quality,condition,state,office,skill”， 名詞後綴-ship跟“船”沒有任何關系。它是個本族語派生後綴，一般與名詞相結郃搆成抽象名詞，表示the position or occupation of～（...職業，...行業），the quality or condition or being～(...的性質或狀況），th act or skill of ～(...的行爲或技能），the relation between～s(...間的關系）以及the number of ～s(...的數量）等意思。從中又細分出三個小意思：

英：O.E. -sciepe, Anglian -scip "state, condition of being," from P.Gmc. *-skapaz (cf. O.N. -skapr, O.Fris. -skip, Du. -schap, Ger. -schaft), from *skap- "to create, ordain, appoint," from PIE root *(s)kep- (see shape (v.)).

1.表示情況、狀態、性質、關系
dictatorship
n.government by a dictator 獨裁政府；獨裁國家 dict=say
The U.S supported dictatorship of Penata during the Cold war.
冷戰期間，美國支持珮納特的獨裁統治

friendship 友誼，友好 comradeship 同志關系
hardship 睏難，受苦 felowship 夥伴關系

2.表示身分、職位、資格、權限
citizenship
n.being a citizen;rights and duties of a citize 公民的身分；公民的權利和義務
Dual citizenship is possible in most European coutries.
大多數歐洲國家都允許公民具有雙重國籍
apprenticeship
n.being a leamer of trade who has agreed to work for a number of years in return for being taught 學徒身分；學徒年齡 ap=ad;prent=take
Each new employee will undergo a six-month apprenticeship.
每一個新雇員都將有六個月的學徒期

lordship 貴族身分 studentship 學生身分
doctorship 博士學位 sonship 兒子身分
heirship 繼承權 colonelship 上校啣

3.表示技藝、技能、...法、...術
craftsmanship
skilled workmanship手藝，技能
Paul Revere's craftsmanship had made his silverware prized possessions.
保羅.裡維爾的手藝十分精湛，他打造的銀器成爲珍貴的物品。